PECAM-1 Protein

PECAM-1 (short for Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) is a key protein found on the surface of endothelial cells, the cells that line blood vessels, as well as on blood platelets and white blood cells. It is essential for cell movement, for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, and for regulating inflammatory and clotting responses.

What are the main functions of PECAM-1?

Its best-known role occurs when white blood cells migrate into inflamed tissue. PECAM-1 helps these cells pass through the junctions between endothelial cells so they can exit the bloodstream and reach the site of inflammation.

It is also vital for preserving the barrier formed by blood vessels. In addition, PECAM-1 directly regulates blood clotting by acting as an inhibitory receptor on platelets, helping restrain their activation and preventing excessive clumping.

What do the terms monomer and dimer mean?

These terms describe the structural form of the protein. A monomer is a single protein unit. A dimer is the active form in which two monomers join together. Forming a dimer is crucial both for cell-to-cell adhesion and for triggering inhibitory signaling pathways inside the cell. These internal signals allow PECAM-1 to calm or reduce certain cellular activities.

In the laboratory of Prof. Arie Lev Gruzman at the Dangoor Center, researchers discovered how to target PECAM-1 specifically in its dimer form. This breakthrough has opened the door to powerful new strategies for treating dozens of autoimmune diseases.