In vitro

In vitro is Latin and means “in glass.” It refers to experiments and research conducted in a controlled environment outside of a living organism. In vitro experiments are conducted in a laboratory using tools such as test tubes and petri dishes. In in vitro research, the building blocks of the living organism, such as cells, tissues, proteins and enzymes, are examined in an isolated and controlled environment, allowing researchers to control the experimental conditions and understand basic biological processes without external influences. 

The use of in vitro methods is particularly important in the field of personalized medicine, where it is necessary to understand the precise effects of various substances on cells and tissues. A famous example of in vitro use is the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF), where the egg and sperm are fertilized outside the woman's body in a controlled environment, and then returned to the uterus for the continuation of the pregnancy.